What scientific method is often employed to analyze trace elements in forensic samples?

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) is regularly employed in forensic science to analyze trace elements in various samples due to its exceptional sensitivity and ability to detect low concentrations of elements. This technique works by ionizing the sample using an inductively coupled plasma and then measuring the mass-to-charge ratio of the ions generated.

ICP-MS is particularly advantageous for forensic applications because it can simultaneously measure multiple elements at very low detection limits, often in the parts per trillion range. This capability is crucial when dealing with trace evidence, such as gunshot residue, soil, or other environmental samples where elements may be present only in minute amounts. By identifying and quantifying these trace elements, forensic scientists can gather significant information related to criminal investigations, including linking suspects to a crime scene or identifying substances within a sample.

Other techniques, while useful in various contexts, do not match the specificity and sensitivity of ICP-MS for trace element analysis.