What type of forensic analysis deals specifically with fingerprints?

Latent fingerprint analysis is the specific type of forensic analysis that focuses on the collection, examination, and comparison of fingerprints. This process involves identifying the unique patterns and ridge characteristics present on an individual's fingers, which can be used to establish identity. Latent fingerprints are those that are not immediately visible to the naked eye and are typically left behind on surfaces through the natural oils and sweat from the skin. Forensic experts use various techniques to develop these prints, such as dusting with powders, chemical processes, and lighting methods, allowing them to be preserved for further analysis.

This form of analysis is crucial in forensic science because each person's fingerprint is unique, making them a powerful tool for identification in criminal investigations. In contrast, the other options involved in the question focus on different areas of forensic science. For instance, ballistic analysis deals with firearms and projectiles, while trace evidence analysis involves the examination of small materials left at a crime scene. Document examination focuses on verifying the authenticity and integrity of written documents. Each of these fields plays an important role in forensic investigations, but they do not specifically pertain to fingerprint analysis.