Why is firearm examination important in forensic science?

Firearm examination holds significant importance in forensic science primarily because it enables the matching of bullets and cartridge casings to specific firearms. This process involves meticulous analysis of various characteristics found on the bullet and casing, such as striations, grooves, and firing pin impressions that are unique to each firearm. By examining these markings, forensic experts can establish a connection between a firearm and projectiles recovered from a crime scene or from a suspect's possession.

This capability is crucial in criminal investigations, as it can directly link a suspect to a shooting incident, providing substantial evidence in both legal proceedings and the overall understanding of the crime. The scientific principles behind firearm examination leverage the physical and mechanical properties of firearms, offering reliable insights into the weapon used.